Psychometric properties of the self-efficacy scale for chronic disease management (SEMCD-S) in older Colombian adults.

BACKGROUND: Self-efficacy alludes to personal competence in an individual's effectiveness when facing stressful situations. This construct has been related to different domains of the health field, finding that high levels of self-efficacy benefit human functioning and enhance well-being. METHODS: The present study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the self-efficacy scale for managing chronic diseases (SEMCD-S) by assessing factorial, convergent and divergent validity, reliability, and measurement invariance. Likewise, the comparison of self-efficacy according to socio-demographic characteristics was proposed by contrasting latent factors. An instrumental, transactional, descriptive, and non-experimental design study was carried out with the participation of 325 Colombian senior citizens. RESULTS: The findings suggest that the scale has appropriate psychometric properties. The one-factor structure exhibited a satisfactory fit, the mean-variance extracted reported acceptable figures and the correlation analysis with other constructs supported this instrument's convergent and discriminant validity. Likewise, it was invariant to the different socio-demographic aspects examined, while the internal consistency figures were high. Differences in the means of the latent factors were only detected in the academic grade. In this case, older adults with a primary school level attained higher self-efficacy values than those who had completed high school or university studies. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the self-efficacy scale for chronic disease management is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used in the Colombian context to measure and compare this construct.

Analysis of the psychometric properties of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) in Colombian adolescents / Análisis de las propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario de agresividad (AQ) de Buss y Perry en adolescentes colombianos

The psychometric properties of the Buss and Perry AQ questionnaire of aggression, one of the most used questionnaires worldwide to measure aggressive behavior, were examined in a sample of adolescents (n=779 participants) from the cities of Barranquilla (n= 410) and Pereira (n= 369), in Colombia. In total, 752 participants (Mean age of 15.3 years, SD = 1.9; 57,4%. women and 42,6 men) completed the Buss and Perry AQ questionnaire. Subsequently, the univariate and multivariate normality of the items was evaluated, and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed on the data set. Likewise, the fit of two models was evaluated, a multidimensional a priori model, and a model with a second-order factor (aggressive behavior), which could explain the variance of the items. Finally, the reliability indices of the questionnaire were identified. The results showed acceptable goodness-of-fit indices (X2/df = 2.29, CFI = .977, IFI = .977, GFI = .984, AGFI = .979, RNI = .984, NFI = .972, RMSEA of .047 [90% CI = .016 - .036] and SRMR = .059) for the second-order one-factor model, as well as acceptable reliability indices (α= .55 - .88). In conclusion, these results show that the scale can be applicable to Colombian preadolescents and adolescents, but warn of the limitations of its use for the non-aggression subscale. Nevertheless, the application of the scale in its original version is suggested to determine its psychometric behavior. (AU)

Las propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario de agresión Buss y Perry AQ, uno de los cuestionarios más utilizados mundialmente para medir la conducta agresiva, fue examinado en una muestra de adolescentes (n=779 participantes) de las ciudades de Barranquilla (n= 410) y Pereira (n= 369), en Colombia. En total, 752 participantes (edad media de 15,3 años, DE = 1,9; 57,4%. mujeres y 42,6 hombres) completaron el cuestionario AQ de Buss y Perry. Posteriormente, se evaluó la normalidad univariante y multivariante de los ítems, y se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) sobre el conjunto de datos. Asimismo, se evaluó el ajuste de dos modelos, un modelo multidimensional a priori, y un modelo con un factor de segundo orden (conducta agresiva), que podría explicar la varianza de los ítems. Por último, se identificaron los índices de fiabilidad del cuestionario. Los resultados mostraron índices de bondad de ajuste aceptables (X2/df = 2,29, CFI = .977, IFI = .977, GFI = .984, AGFI = .979, RNI = .984, NFI = .972, RMSEA de .047 [90% CI = .016 - .036] y SRMR = .059) para el modelo de un factor de segundo orden, así como índices de fiabilidad aceptables (α= .55 - .88). En conclusión, estos resultados muestran que la escala puede ser aplicable a preadolescentes y adolescentes colombianos, pero advierten de las limitaciones de su uso para la subescala de no agresión. No obstante, se sugiere la aplicación de la escala en su versión original para determinar su comportamiento psicométrico. (AU)

Psychometric properties of the Alexian Brother Urge to Self-Injure (ABUSI) Spanish version for adolescents.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Alexian Brother Urge to Self-Injure (ABUSI) in its Spanish version for Colombian adolescents. This instrument was created to measure cognitive and emotional aspects of the urge to self-injure by assessing the frequency, the urge, thoughts associated with time and place, the capacity for resistance, and thoughts associated with the urge to self-injure. Method: A total of 752 preadolescents and adolescents between 10 and 18 years of age, with a mean of 15.3 years (SD = 1.97), participated. The instruments used were The Alexian Brother Urge to Self-Injure ABUSI, ERS Suicide Risk Scale, Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale, and the Zimet The MSPSS Perceived Social Support Scale. Confirmatory factor analysis, inter-test correlations, to estimate cut-off point discriminant validity Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) and to determine convergent validity, a Pearson's coincidence analysis was performed between the ABUSI total score and the ERS Suicide Risk Scale, the Plutchik's Suicide Risk Scale and Zimet's Perceived Social Support Scale assessments. Results: The presence of a unidimensional model of the instrument is confirmed with adequate fit, reliability, and concurrent validity indices. The high score classification was determined from six (6) points for the total of the scale. These results show that ABUSI is a valid and reliable tool for the clinical assessment of self-injurious behavior in adolescents and preadolescents.

Risk and Protective Factors in Ecuadorian Adolescent Survivors of Suicide.

Suicide is one of the main causes of death among the adolescent population, which is why it is considered an important mental-health problem. In addition to this situation, for each suicide, the group of people who survive it (known as suicide survivors) can present serious emotional affectations, becoming a population at risk for this problem. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of suicide-survivor status on risk factors and protective factors for suicide. A total of 440 adolescents with a mean age of 15.78 (SD = 1.74) participated, who were divided according to survivor status, identified as the SV group (79 cases), and non-survivors, identified as the NSV group-adolescents that did not have experience or contact with a suicide attempt (361 cases). A questionnaire of sociodemographic characterization and risk conditions, the Alexian Brother Urge to Self-Injure (ABUSI), the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Cognitive and Affective Empathy Test (TECA) were applied. Descriptive statistics, mean difference for independent samples, contingency tables, X2 statistic, Fisher's exact statistic, and Cohen's d coefficient were used. The results show significant differences between SV and NSV participants in risk and protective factors regarding the presence of a greater adoption of perspective and emotional understanding. On the other hand, NSV adolescents presented higher scores of perceived social supports regarding risk factors, and there was a higher proportion of a history of suicide attempt, severity/hospitalization, impulse to self-harm, and level of suicidal risk in the SV group. The need to incorporate forms of suicide prevention with the survivor population is discussed, increasing the possibilities of postvention.

Estudio cualitativo sobre el bienestar en adolescentes con y sin riesgo suicida / Qualitative study on well-being in adolescents with and without risk of suicide / Estudo Qualitativo sobre o bem-estar em adolescentes com e sem risco de suicídio

OBJETIVO: Conocer y comprender las nociones y estrategias de bienestar presentes en adolescentes con altos y bajos niveles de riesgo suicida. METODOLOGÍA: Este estudio exploratorio con enfoque cualitativo mediante el cual se analizaron las diferencias entre las nociones de bienestar y las estrategias recurrentes en 40 adolescentes con puntuaciones alta y bajas de riesgo suicida. RESULTADOS: Indican la existencia de nociones asociadas a la salud, a la visión integradora y a una perspectiva subjetiva. En cuanto a las estrategias usadas por los adolescentes para promover su propio bienestar las categorías que emergieron se centraron en la interacción social, el hedonismo, el control, la redefinición y proyección subjetiva positiva, y la orientación al cambio. CONCLUSIÓN: Se discuten los resultados sobre la orientación de estrategias de intervención en adolescentes con alto riesgo suicida basados en sus propias nociones

OBJECTIVE: To know and understand the notions and strategies of well-being present in adolescents with high and low levels of suicidal risk. METHODOLOGY: This exploratory study with qualitative approach, which explored the differences between notions of well-being and recurrent strategies in 40 adolescents with high and low suicide risk scores.Results. Indicate the existence of notions associated with health, the integrating vision and a subjective perspective. Regarding the strategies used by adolescents to promote their own well-being, the categories that emerged focused on social interaction, hedonism, control, redefinition and positive subjective projection, and orientation towards change. CONCLUSION: Results on the orientation of intervention strategies in adolescents with high suicide risk based on their own notions are discussed

OBJETIVO: Conhecer e compreender as noções e estratégias de bem-estar presentes em adolescentes com alto e baixo risco de suicídio. METODOLOGIA: Estudo exploratório com abordagem qualitativa, que explorou as diferenças entre noções de bem-estar e estratégias recorrentes em 40 adolescentes com escores de alto e baixo risco de suicídio. RESULTADOS: Indicar a existência de noções associadas à saúde, a visão integradora e uma perspectiva subjetiva. Em relação às estratégias utilizadas pelos adolescentes para promover seu próprio bem-estar, as categorias que emergiram enfocaram a interação social, o hedonismo, o controle, a redefinição e a projeção subjetiva positiva e a orientação para a mudança. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sobre a orientação das estratégias de intervenção em adolescentes com alto risco de suicídio com base em suas próprias noções são discutido

Anger and associated experiences of sadness, fear, valence, arousal, and dominance evoked by visual scenes.

Anger is a basic emotion experienced in several aversive situations. In this study, the relation between Anger, Fear, and Sadness, as well as the dimensions of Valence, Arousal, and Dominance, were examined. It was hypothesized that pictures showing an Intention to Harm would evoke not only Anger, but also Fear and Sadness, and that this would be correlated with low Valence, high Arousal, and high Dominance. To this end, 45 healthy volunteers (25 women and 20 men; M age = 27.2 yr., SD = 9.5) recorded appraisals for each of these emotional experience while viewing 120 pictures selected from the International Affective Picture System. Data were analyzed with a linear mixed model and a hierarchical classes approach to identify differences and correlations between emotional categories. Results indicate that those pictures showing Intention to Harm generate higher Anger and Fear, while pictures representing Frustration of Goals leads to higher Sadness. In addition, high Anger, Fear, and Sadness are associated with low Valence, moderate Arousal, and high Dominance. Same sex differences in emotional responses were also found. These findings suggest that the experience of Anger requires the inference of the other's mental and physical state and need the regulation of cognitive and affective systems acting together. The study of this emotion should consider both categorical and dimensional approaches in order to define its coherent features.